Oil-heater.



W. R. JBAVONS.

OIL HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.

Patented Mar. 10, 1914i .rz/ness es' ttl WILLIAM R. JEAVONS, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO.

OIL-HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 1.0, 1914.

Application filed February 20, 1913. Serial No. 749,585.

To all V710/a it may concern Be it. known that I, lViLLiAM R. JEAvoNs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oil-Heaters, `of which the 'following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying` drawings.

This invention relates to oil stoves, and more particularly to stoves of. the type known to the trade as heaters or lamp stoves.7 llhe operation of stoves ot this kind has always been attended with the dis advantages that, it' the oil level in the font or reservoir becomes too low, there is an insutticient capillary action to the exposed portion of the wiel( and, as a result, the

/ flame is insullicient in quantity` disagreeable odors are produced, and the wick becomes charred; on the other hand` it the o-il level is too high, the capillarY action will be too great and the wick will seep Une of the objects of this invention is to provide a cooperating construction of the parts whereby these two objectionable conditions will be overcome and an odorless llame will be maintained which will burn at substantially tull height during;` the entire period ot operation, notwithstanding the ditl'erent oil levels in the tout incident to such operation.

ln carrying out my invention. I provide a .ctmstruction whereby the oil level will be positively 'maintained between two points. (namely below tbe point ot seepage and above the. point where the wick lwill tail to feed sutliciently),which` together with the proper positioning;` ot' the parts` will produce a stove or beater tree from odors caused by insuliticient and excessive oil supply to the burner while the wick lite is materially extended.

lVith the torcgoino' objects in view` the invention may be dehued further aud more generally as consistingr ot the combinations of elements embodied in the Claims hereto `annexedand illustrated in the drawings accompanying' wherein- Figure 1 represents a central vert-ical sec tional view through the lower portion of a and forming part hereof,

with my invention; Fig. 2, an enlarged sec 'tional view corresponding;` substantially to `wick were not so shielded.

view of the t'ont, the spreader and coperating parts ot the stove `t'rame being removed.

Describing' by reference characters the various parts illustrated herein, 1 denotes a stove base having the legs L),

3 is a heater drum or combustion chamber mounted on a plate t which is pivoted to the base` as shown at 5, the bottom 3'* ot the drum extendingr a considerable distance laterally over the tout and the plate Ll extending' laterally beyond the drum bottom to it'urthcr embrace the 'font top.

(E and T denote latch members 'for securing' the Vtree or swinging end ot` the trame -t to the base. 'l`bc Vto1't-'; 'oin{ g parts t and 'T may be ot any ordinary construction and, in their details. form no part ot my invention.

Supported within the base frame l is the font T0. This font is a shallow metal reset-- voir having' central vertically alined openings through which extends the outer wick tube S. said wick tube being' soldered or otherwise firmly sccurcd to the edges ot thtsc openings, as through thc flanges t) and,

ttl. 'lhe bottoni ll o't' the font is slightly inclined downwardly from the periphery toward the central portion thereof and the outer wick tube is provided with openings tf immediately above this inclined bottom.

H denotes the inner wick tube and 13 the air dist ributer` which may be ot any desired construction ot' the type wherein the inner snrt'ace und substantially the ltop ot the upper end of the wick are covered or shield ed when in operation, as by the sleeve 18 and flange lit", instances ot such distributers being shown in my Patents 906,887, issued llec. l5. 1908, and $)(-t,2('32,.issued .l'nly 12. lJlt). This distribute and thegal lery or collar lil" are lnrloratcd. as is custcmary. in order 1o supply air to the llame about the exposed portion ol the wick in quantity sutlicient to produce a yellow or illumim\tin, llame. ln the type o'l` air distribnter shown herein` vaporization ot oil by lthe tlame occurs mainly at the upper outer portion of tho wick, so that the shielded portion et' the wick becomes a teedcr tor the oil to the surface from which the main val'uu'izatiou occurs. thus insuring a better supply of oil` to this surface than would occur it one side and the top of the Y This construetion, together with ,the cooperating een- .lUtl

- extent, and tliattlie upper ends of the wick struction of the reservoir to be referred to hereinafter, maintains the exposed surface of the wick wet with oil throughout the entire period of operation of the burner, notwithstanding the variations in the height of the oil in the reservoir, with the result that a full flame is produced throughout the entire period of operation and charring of the wick is prevented throughout such period, no mattei' how prolonged this period may be.

The top of the font is substantially flat and horizontally positioned, being yslightly convexed between the periphery and the ceir tral aperture, as shown at 7a. highest. portion of this convex surface, the filling opening is located. This filling open ing is provided with an inverted frusto conical skirt 14:, the upper end whereof depends from a horizontal flange 15 which is connected to the body of the font by a vertical flange 16. The flanges 15 and 16 forni a seat for the vertically extending filling casing 17, which may have its upper end bent inwardly .i and downwardly, shown at 1S, to provide a bearing for the sides of a hollow plug 19, which is preferably of inverted frusto conical shape. This plug is provided with a wire loop 2O whereby it may be conveniently handled. The font is also provided with a gage for indicating the level of the oil therein. This gage comprises generally a float 2].v which is rigid with a segment pivoted to .a support 23 depending from a hollow metal plur 2i. At, its lower end, the seg ment meshes with a pinion 25 on a shaft 2.6, said dshaft beingI carried by the support 23 afnd havingat its upper end a pointer 27. The gage mechanism is mounted in a easing 28, which -is preferably a duplicate of the easing' 17 but which is provided, beneath'the upper downturned end 29, with va vent opening-30. The lower end of the casing 28 is supported by the flanges 3l and 32 at the ,upper end of the frust-o conical skirt 33, the parts 31 to 33 being substantially identical ywith the parts 14 to 1G, but the flange 32 having a vent opening Si therein.

`It will, be observed that the oil font is extremely shallow, compared with its lateral tubes project above the upper surface of the oil lefel thatlniay obtain in said font; also that the lower ends of the wick tubes project below` the bottom of this font and that the width of the space .between the lower endl of the wick tubes is substantially equal to the width of the space between the upper. ends of said tubes-wherebya pocket of small oil-holding capacity is provided, which pocket permits thel downward excursion of thewick without maintaining a pool of oil of any considerable extent below the bottom of the font. The object of this construction lati) maintain the effective oil level between vtion of disagreeable odors. 'has been found that, if the wick has to feed In about the i two points, namely; below the point wherein oversupplyy or seepage will oceur,"with the production of disagreeable odors, and above the point where the wick will fail to feed a suflicient quantity ofl oil to maintain a .substantially full flame and prevent the charring` of the wirk as well as the produc- In operation it the oil by capillary action a materially greater distance than five inches, the flame will be so low as to' produce disagreeable odors and the -cliarring of the wick. Furthermore, if the oil level be less" than about 'an inch and a half below the top of the wick,

the wick will overfeed, causing seepage, waste of oil, and the production of noxious odors. By the construction disclosed," the oil is always maintained below. the seepage limit and within the capillary limits of thewiclr, and the oil travels by capillarity, at all times, in spfliicient quantity to keep the exposed surface of Ithe wiel: well supplied. When the oil reaches the Ylower limit (when the font is empty) the flame quickly goes out, n ith the production of a minimum of disagreeable odors.

. paits serve to warm the oil in the font to a higher degree than'occurs in the ordinary heaters, wherein ,the effort has been to maintain the oil at as low a temperature as possible,-the temperature of the oil in such ordinary heaters in normal operation being approximately between 90 and 105 degrees F. lith the parts arranged as herein described, the temperature of the oil at normal operation ranges from tol-l0 dee'iees F., which temperature range practice siows to be absolutely safe while at the same time reducing the viscosity of the oil `so that a uniformly ample capillary feed is maintained to the exposed .surface of the wick, notwithstanding the lowering of the oil level in the font incident to continued operation.

A -further advantage of the wick-tube andl font construction resides in the fact that the outer wick tube goes through and connects and anchors the top and bottoni of the font and that the wick tubes and the wick and combustion space therebetween are separated from the font, whereby there is no danger of transmission of flame to the interior of the font. y

By the construction of filling and gage openings shown herein, the font may be filled to the desired height and the gage into interfere with sucl sealing), controls the upper level of the oil and, by its shape, prevents the oil from splashingr ont of the open ing prior to replacing the plugr 19 and also preventsl the oil from splashing onto the plug.

Reference has been made to the vent openings tit), Bl. These are employed because of the fact that, as the oil is heated up in the operation of the stove, the volume of the oil is increased, which increase in vohlme wouhl cause the `font to overflow through the tilling opening unless some means were prov vided to take care of this increased bulk. The openings 30, liet, however, permit the gradual escape of the ai and permit this increase in volume to fill the space occupied by the vented air. s The particular shape of the skirts l-t and Slprevents 'any oil from splashing'y into the interior thereof except such as is below' the contracted lower ends thereof, while the tilling and gage plugs are elevated so far above the oil surface as to protect them against iinpact under ordinary conditions and incidents of use. The skirts are of such length that, when the font is filled as full as is ordinarily possible. snllicient room is providedin the upper portion of the font' to permit the oil to expand without possibility of overtlow .from such expansion.

Iflaving thus described my invention7 what I claim is:

1. In an oil stove, the combination of a font, a pair oit wick tubes extending npwardly therefrom. a wick between said tubes. and means for shieldingV the innel and substantially thetop surface of the upper end of the wick, the distance of the top of the wick tubes from the lowest point at which the font` communicates with the wick not materially exceeding tive inches. whereby the exposed portion of the wick is amply `supplied with oil to prevent the charrinp,- of such portion, substantially as described.

2. In an oil stove, the combination of a font. a pair ol. wick tubes extending: upwardly therefrom, a wick between said tubes, and means Vfor shielding the inner and substantiallyl the top surface ot' the tippelend oi the wick. the distance ol' the top ot' 'the wick tubes from the bottom ol' the font not materially exceeding live inches` where by the exposed portion of the wick is amply supplied with oil to prevent the charring' of such portion, substantially as described.

3. In an oil stove, the combination of a pair ot' wick tubes, a wick therebetween, an oil reservoir from which'the wick tubes project, the top of said reservoir extending in a horizontal direction from said tubes, means for shielding the inner surface and substantially the top o' the upper end of the wick, and a combustion cliainberthe bottom whereof extends laterallyabove the vreservoir in position to heat the subjacent top of the reseryoir, the top of the wick tubesbeing not materially farther than live inches from the bottom of the reservoir. wlu reby the oil in the reservoir is warmed sullicicntly to reduce its viscosity and enable 1t to keep the exposed surface of the wick amply wet to prevent charrine. notwithstanding the lowering of the oil level in the reservoir, slibstantially as described.

17. In an oil stove. the combination of a pair of wick tubes. a wick therebetween. an oil reservoir from which the wich tubes project. the top of said reservoir extending in a horizontal direction from .said tubes, means for shielding' tbe inner surface and substantially the top ol' the upper end of the wick, and a combustion chamber the bottom whereof extends laterally above the reservoir in position to heat the subjacent' top of the reservoir, the top of the wick tubes beincr not materiallv farther than one and onehalf inches Vfrom the top of the reservoir, whereby in operation seepajre is prevented and the temperature of the oil in the reservoir is'maintaintal at at least l1()O F., thereby reducing:l its viscosity and enablinp it to keep the exposed surface of the wick amply wel to prevent chaltringf. notwithstamling the lowering of the oil leve] in the reservoir, substantially as described.

ln an oil stove. the combination of a font. a pair of wick tubes extendinpr upwardly therefrom. a wick between said tubes, means Yfor shicldiir;r the inner and .substantially the top `surface oll the upper end of the wick, and means for supplying air to the exposed surface ol' the wick in sullicient quantity to produce an illuminating liame, the distance of the top ol' the wick tubes vfrom the lowest poirt at which the font communicates with the wick not materially exceeding' live inches. whereby the ex posed portion oll the wick is amply supplied with oil to prevent charring of such portion, substantially as described.

t3. ln an oil stove. the combination of a t'ont. a pair of wick tubes extending npwardly therefrom, a wick between said tubes, and means for shielding the inner and substantially the top surface of the upper end of the wick. the distance of the top of the wick tubesl from the bottom of the font not materially exceeding; tive inches and the distance oi' the top of the wick tubes from the top of the font not materially exceeding one and one-haltl inches, whereby seepage is prevented and the exposed portion gof. the wick is amply supplied with oil to prevent the eh'arring of such portion, substantially as described.

` 7. In an oil stove, the combination of a pair of wick tubes, a wick therebetween, an oil reservoir from which the wick tubes iro ject, the top of said reservoir` extening in a horizontal. direction from said tubes,4

111eans for shielding the inner surface and substantially the top of theupper end of the wick, and a combustion chamber the bottom whereof extends laterally above Athe reser Voir in position to heat the subjacent top of the reservoir, the distance of the tops of the wick tubes from the top of the reservoir 'not'materially exceeding one and one-half inches and the distance of the tops of said tubes from the lowest point at which the reservoir communicates with the wick not materially exceeding five inches, whereby lseepage is prevented and the oil is warmed sufficiently to reduce its viscosity and enable it to keep the exposed surface of the wick amply wet to prevent charring, notwithstanding the lowering of the oil lcvelin the reservoir, substantially as described.

S. In an `oil stove, the combination of a pair of wick tubes, a wick therebetween, an oil reservoir from which the wick tubes project, the top of said reservoir extending in a horizontal-direction from said tubes,

means for shielding the 'inner surface and substantially the top of the upper end of the wick, means for supplying air to the exposed surface of the wick in sutlicient quantity to produce an illuminating flame, and a combustion chamber the bottom whereof extends laterally above the reservoir in positicn to heatthe subjacent top of the rese to' prevent charring, notwithstanding the lowering of the oil level in the reservoir,

substantially' as described. v

.9. In an oil stove, the combination of a font having a top and a bottom, wick tubes projecting through vand, above the topand below the bottom of the font, a wick between saiditubea, and means for shielding the inner surface and substantially the top of 4the upper-'end of the wick, the distance ofthe bottomof the font from the top'ot' the wick tubes bein not materially greater than tivelnches, an said tubes communicatingwith said font, the bottom portion of the wiclr'tubes being of substantially the same Width astheupper portion, whereby `such bottom portion provides a pocket of small OiLhOlding capacity to ermit the downward'excurs'ion of the wie r and whereby the exposed portion of the wick'is amply sup- -plied with oil to prevent the charring of such portion, substantially as described.

i 10. ln an oil stove, the combination of a font having a top anda bottom, wick tubes projecting through and above the top and below the bottom of the font, a wick between said tubes, and means for shielding the inner surface and substantially the top of the upper-end of the Wick, the distance of the bottom of the font from the top ot' the 4wick tubesbeingnot materially greater than five inches, :saidv tubes communicating with said font, andthe distance of the top of the font from the-top of the wick tubes being not materially greater than one and one-half inches, the bottom portion of the wick tubes being of substantially the same width as the upper portion, vwhereby such bottom portion'p'rovides-a pocket'of small oil-holding capacity to permit the ldownward excursion of the wick and whereby seepage is prevented and the exposed portion of the wick is amply supplied withoil to prevent the charring of such port-ion,A substantially as described.

11.- In an oil stove, the combination of a font having a top and a bottom, wick tubes projecting through and above the top and below the bottom of the font and communicating with said font, the bottom portion of the wick tubes being of substantially the same widtlras the upper 4portionwhereb'y a pocket of small oil holding' capacity is provided to permit the downward excursion of the Wick, a wick between 'said tubes, "a combustion chamber having its bottom extending laterally above the font in position to heat the subjacent top ofthe font,an l`means for shielding the inner surface and"substan.` tially thetop of the upper end of the Wick, the distance-.of the top of the font from' the top of the wick tubes being not materially greater than one and one-half inches and the distance of the bottom of the fontfrom the top of the Wick tubes 'being not ma terially greater than ve inches, whereby. seepage is prevented, the oil is warmed suticiently to reduce its viscosity, and the ex- 1710 posed portion of the'wick amply supplied, with oil to prevent the charring of such portion, substantially as described.

1Q. ln an oil stove, the combination of a font having a top and a bottom, wick tubes projecting through and above the top and below the bottom of the font and communicating with said font, the bottom portion oiE the wick tubes being of substantially the same width as the upper portion whereby a pocket voit' small oil holding capacity is provided to permit the downward excursion of the wick, a wick between said tubes, a ccmbustion chamber having its bottom extending laterally above the font in position to heat the subjacent top of the ltout, means for shielding the inner surface and substantiallyy the top of the upper en'd of the' wick, 'and means for supplying air to the exposed surface of the wick in sufficient quantity to produce an illuminating flame, the-distance of supplied with oil toA prevent the eharring of 10 the top of the font from the top of the 1Wick such portion, substant-all. as described. tubes being not materially greater than one In testimon whereof, hereunto alx my and one-lflal lches:f and tlhe clistalflc of the signature in t e presence of two Witnesses. 5 bottom o t e ont rom tle top o tle wick w tubes being not materially greater than five VILLIAM R' JEAVONS' inches, whereby seepage is prevented, the oil Wvitnesses: is warmed sulicently to reduce its viscosity, J. B. HULL, .and the exposed portion of the wick amply BRENNAN B. lVEs'r. 

